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From:      beijing-conf-digest-owner@mail.edc.org
To: beijing-conf-digest@mail.edc.org
Subject: Beijing Women's Conference Digest V2 #72
Reply-To: beijing-conf@mail.edc.org
Errors-To: beijing-conf-digest-owner@mail.edc.org
Precedence:


Beijing Women's Conference Digest Sunday, 3 September 1995 Volume 02 : Number 072

In this issue:

Bella Abzug's Hopes for Beijing
WCW: Parliamentarians in Tokyo
Media activities at Beijing
List of NGOs at Beijing Conference

See the end of the digest for information on subscribing to the Beijing
Women's Conference or Beijing-Conf-Digest mailing lists and on how to
retrieve back issues.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

From: DEBRA@oln.comlink.apc.org (Debra Guzman)
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 1995 12:21:00 +0100
Subject: Bella Abzug's Hopes for Beijing

## Original in: /HRNET/WOMEN
## author : theearthtime@igc.apc.org
## date : 23.08.95

- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bella Abzug's Hopes for Beijing
By Bella S. Abzug
Earth Times News Service

With an anticipated attendance of more than 50,000, this
will be the largest UN conference in history. It is about an
unprecedented number of women coming together to make change
and put pressure on governments to commit to taking action
that will improve the lives of women and girls. Building on
wave after wave from previous UN conferences, it is about
the politics of momentum.

Women, organized as never before, and represented here in
the myriad of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
attending, are the emerging progressive force of civil
society. This conference represents a confluence of
movements for social change coming together--women fighting
for improvements in environment, human rights, health,
labor, peace and so on.

What's the fight about? See the Linkage Caucus document,
"Take the Brackets Off Women's Lives" for details. We are
fighting for all people-- women and men, girls and boys--to
have a better life. It is about accurately naming the
problems, identifying alternatives and solutions, getting
governments and institutions to commit to taking action, and
then holding them accountable for their commitments. NGOs in
the Women's Linkage Caucus will keep a "scoreboard" of
government commitments throughout the conference at both the
UN site and the NGO Forum as well as on the Internet.

The NGO Forum, where 35,000 women and some men from all over
the world will come together, will share their ideas and
energy for a different future. In the Cultural Palace in
Huairou from 9:00 am to 5:00 PM on August 31st and September
1st, WEDO will convene the 2nd World Women's Congress for a
Healthy Planet. We will take stock of our progress over the
last four years and our agenda for the future.

This conference will have a profound impact on the lives of
the women who participate. Each one of us will return to our
countries and communities with concrete steps to take, with
a road map for accountability and a comprehensive agenda for
progress. On the initiative of Australia, supported by 80
nations governments, are being asked to make commitments to
specific portions of the Platform of Action during their
Plenary speeches. The loudest demand by women at this
conference will be for governments to hold to and make real
these commitments. As women demand equal influence,
participation, and power in decision- making, they will also
be demanding that the promises made by their governments
become a reality.

The women going to Beijing have a real sense that they can
make a difference, and will emerge from the Conference
confirmed in that belief and with a renewed sense of their
power. Women and men should come away from it knowing what
steps to take next. Every government delegate has a
political and moral responsibility to use this power wisely.
Like tossing pebbles in a pond, the ripples will be
far-reaching. In the history books, the women's movement
will be remembered as one of the great social change
movements that changed the world. The Decade of Women from
1975 to 1985, gave birth to the global women's movement.
Hundreds of organizations were started, paths crossed, lives
were intertwined, destinies found. In seeking our rightful
place as half of humanity, we've taken action to stop our
pain, to turn it into something positive. In 1995, our
agenda is about the politics of transformation--of making
the world a different place. Women have great expectations.




------------------------------

From: DEBRA@oln.comlink.apc.org (Debra Guzman)
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 1995 12:21:00 +0100
Subject: WCW: Parliamentarians in Tokyo

## Original in: /HRNET/WOMEN
## author : theearthtime@igc.apc.org
## date : 01.09.95

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parliamentarians in Tokyo
By Jack Freeman
Earth Times News Service

TOKYO, August 31--Almost 100 parliamentarians, UN officials
and observers are gathering here today for a special meeting
on gender, population and development, in preparation for
the Fourth World Conference on Women starting Monday in
Beijing. All of the parliamentarians invited to the Tokyo
meeting are members of their national delegations at the
Beijing Conference.

The meeting's keynote address will be delivered by Dr. Nafis
Sadik, Executive Director of the UN Population Fund. Her
topic is "From Cairo to Beijing."

Other speakers scheduled for the opening session include:
Dr. Taro Nakayama, MP, chairman of the Japan
Parliamentarians for Population; Shin Sakurai, MP, chairman
of the Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and
Development; Yohei Koono, MP, Japan's Minister of Foreign
Affairs; and Senator (Ms.) Kayoko Shimizu, chair of the
International Meeting of Parliamentarians on Gender,
Population and Development.

Topics to be discussed at working sessions of the meeting
include: "Empowerment of women, Especially Rural Women, and
Population Issues," "Full and Equal Partnership Between
Women and Men: Decision-Making, Reproductive Health and the
Family," and "Mainstreaming Women in the Population and
Development Process, Agents As Well As Beneficiaries."

On Friday a major portion of the meeting is being devoted to
a discussion of the unresolved issues (brackets) remaining
in the Beijing Platform for Action.

According to Hirofumi Ando, Deputy Executive Director of
UNFPA, many of the participants at this two-day meeting also
took part in a much larger meeting of parliamentarians held
in conjunction with last September's International
Conference on Population and Development in Cairo. Many of
those participants, he explained, were accredited to the
Cairo Conference as "nongovernmental organizations" (NGOs),
which is how parliamentarians are classified under UN
regulations. Many parliamentarians, he said, want to see
that classification system changed, arguing that their
status is significantly different from that of NGOs because
they are hold elective office. (At least five of the
parliamentarians expected to attend the meeting also hold
ministerial portfolios in their national governments.)

As Ando explains it, the purpose of the meeting is to brief
the parliamentarians on population issues and the status of
women and also "to establish a close working relationship"
with them.



------------------------------

From: DEBRA@oln.comlink.apc.org (Debra Guzman)
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 1995 12:21:00 +0100
Subject: Media activities at Beijing

## Original in: /HRNET/WOMEN
## author : theearthtime@igc.apc.org
## date : 01.09.95

- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: Media activities at Beijing
Compiled by Kyu-Young Lee
Earth Times News Service
Beijing Journalist's Encounter
At the BICC Briefing Room

Chair
Therese Gastaut
Spokeswoman for the Fourth World Conference on Women
Department of Public Information

2 September

9:30-10:45am The United Nations and the Advancement of
Women

Opening Statement
Gertrude Mongella, Secretary-General of the FWCW

Statement by the Host Government
Chen Muhua, President
All Women China Organization and Vice-Chairperson, People's
Congress of China (on behalf of the Host Country)

Panelists
Patricia Licuanan, Chairperson
Commission on the Status of Women

Noeleen Heyzer, Director
United Nations Fund for Women

Martha Duenas-Loza, Acting Director
International Research and training Institute for the Advancement of
Women

11:00-12:30pm Promoting Women's Self-Reliance: Overcoming
Poverty

Panelists
Her Royal Highness Princess Basma Bint-Talal Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan

Ella Bhatt, Founder
Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA), Ahmedabad, India

Archalus Tcheknavorian-Asenbauer, Managing Director
United Nations Industrial Development Organization

12:45-2:00pm Lunch Break

2:00-3:15pm Education, Health, and Sustainable Development

Panelists
Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings
First Lady of Ghana
President, 31st December Women's Movement

Aleya El Bindari Hammad
Executive Administrator for Health Policy in Development
World Health Organization

Christina Engfeldt, Chief
Information and External Relations
HABITAT

Suvit Yodmani, Regional Director
United Nations Environment Programme
Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
UNESCO

3:30-3:45pm Coffee Break

3:45-5:30pm Media Arrangements at the Conference

Therese Gastaut
Spokeswoman for the Conference

Martin Bunnel, Technical Coordinator
Department of Public Information


Sunday 3 September

9:00-10:30am Violence Against Women, Armed and Other Conflicts
and Women's Human Rights

Panelists
Ivanka Corti, Chairperson
Commission on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

Radhika Coomaraswamy
Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women
United Nations Commission on Human Rights

Marapia Fanfani, President
Together for Peace (Italy)

10:30-10:45am Coffee Break

10:45-12:30pm A Call for Action and Resources Mobilization

Panelists
Gertrude Mongella
Secretary-General of the Fourth World Conference on Women

Nafis Sadik, Executive Director
United Nations Population Fund

Carol Bellamy, Executive Director
United Nations Children's Fund

Catherine Bertini, Executive Director
World Food Programme

Melinda Kimble, Deputy Assistant Secretary
United States Department of State



------------------------------

From: DEBRA@oln.comlink.apc.org (Debra Guzman)
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 1995 12:22:00 +0100
Subject: List of NGOs at Beijing Conference

## Original in: /HRNET/WOMEN
## author : theearthtime@igc.apc.org
## date : 01.09.95

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
List of NGOs at Beijing Conference
Compiled by Earth Times News Service

8th Day Center for Justice, USA
9 to 5, National Association of Working Women, USA
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), Australia
Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada
Academic Council on the United Nations System, USA
Academy for Nursing Studies, India
Accion Familiar, Spain
Accion Popular de Integracion Social (APIS), Mexico
ACTIF-Association des Conjoints Travailleurs Independants de
France, France
Action for Development (ACFODE), Uganda
Action for World Solidarity-Women's Wing, India
Action Pour la Protection de l'Environnement et le Developpement
Integre, Zaire
Adefra-Black German Women/Black Women in Germany, Germany
Advice Desk for Abused Women, South Africa
Advocates for Youth, USA
African Association of Education and Development-Mali, Mali
African Confederation of Cooperation Savings and Credit Association,
Kenya
African Development Initiatives Network (ADIN), Kenya
African Federation of Women Entrepreneurs (AFWE), Ethiopia
African Women's Association (A.W.A.), Cameroon
African Women's Development and Communication Network
(FEMNET), Kenya
African Women's Organization, USA
AFTURD-Ass'n des Femmes Tunisiennes Pour la Recherche et le
Development, Tunisia
Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, India
Agencia LatinoAmericana de Information (ALAI), Ecuador
Agragamee, India
Agri-Service Ethiopia, Ethiopia
Agromart Foundation, Sri Lanka
Ahfad University for Women, Sudan
Ahmedabad Women's Action Group (AWAG), India
Ahon Sa Hirap, Inc. (ASHI), Philippines
Aidos-Italian Association for Women in Development, Italy
Aim Group for Family Law Information, Mediation and Counselling,
Ireland
Akhil Bhartiya Manushiki Evam Mahila Vikas Sangathan, India
Albania Family Planning Association, Albania
Alberto Vollmer Foundation, Inc., USA
Alianza Latino Americana Para La Familia (ALAFA), Venezuela
Alianza Venezolana Para Familia (AVEFA), Venezuela
Alicia por Mujeres Nuevas, Bolivia
Alliance de la Fonction Pubique du Canada, Canada
Alliance for Life, Canada
Amalgamated Engineering & Electrical Union, United Kingdom
America 21, Family Values for the 21st Century, USA
American Association of University Women, USA
American Bar Association, USA
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, USA
American Family Therapy Academy, USA
American Friends Service Committee, Inc., USA
American Jewish Committee, USA
American Jewish World Service, Inc., USA
American Life League, USA
American Medical Women's Association, USA
American Public Health Association (APHA), USA
American Society of Women Accountants (ASWA), USA
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, USA
Angolan Action for Development (A.A.D.), Angola
Angolan Women's Organization, Angola
Ankara University Women Studies Center, Turkey
Anprovida (Associacion Nicaraguense por la Vida), Nicaragua
Appalachian Women's Guild (AWG)
Appropriate Technology for Community and Environment (APACE),
Australia
Appropriate Technology International, USA
Approtech Asia, Inc. Philippines
Arab Women Forum-AISHA, Israel
Armenian Relief Society, Inc., USA
Arzte fur das Leben E.V., Germany
Asdeka Elchab (Friends of the People Society), Egypt
Asean Confederation of Women's Organizations (ACWO), Philippines
Asia Foundation, USA
Asia Indigenous Women's Network (AIWN), Philippines
Asia-Pacific Women in Politics Network (APWIP), Korea
Asian & Pacific Islanders for Reproductive Health, USA
Asian Centre for Organization Research & Development (ACORD),
India
Asian Institution of Technology/Gender and Development Studies,
Thailand
Asian Law Caucus, Inc., USA
Asian Migrant Centre Ltd., Hong Kong
Asian Network of Women in Communication (ANWIC), India
Asian Women in Development Cooperative Forum (AWCF), Indonesia
Asian Women's Association, Japan
Asian Women's Conference Network, Japan
Asian Women's Resource Centre, United Kingdom
Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW),
Malaysia
Asmita Resource Centre for Women, India
Asociacion Amas de Casa, Consumidores y Usuarios "Tres Morillas,"
Spain
Asociacion Andar, Costa Rica
Asociacion Artesanal Boliviana Senor de Mayo (ASAEBOLSEM),
Bolivia
Asociacion Benefica para la Difusion de la Cultura, Spain
Asociacion Centro de Estudios y Accion Social Panameno (ACEASPA),
Panama
Asociacion Cooperativa del Grupo Independiente pro Rehabilitacion
Integral, El Salvador
Asociacion Cultural Adara, Spain
Asociacion Cultural Hontanar, Spain
Asociacion Cultural Roda, Spain
Asociacion Cultural y Defortiva (ALFARA), Spain
Asociacion de Apoyo al Lobby Europeo de Mujeres, Spain
Asociacion de Ayuda Materna aid Nunu, Argentina
Asociacion de Especialistas Universitarias en Estudios de la Mujer,
Argentina
Asociacion de Familias y Mujeres del Medio Rural (AFAMMER), Spain
Asociacion de Mujeres Empresarias de Valladolid (ASMEV), Spain
Asociacion de Muyeres Empresarias de Granada, Spain
Asociacion Espanola de Educadores para la Salud (AEDES), Spain
Asociacion Espanola de Mujeres Empresarias (ASEME-Madrid), Spain
Asociacion Espanola de Mujeres Juristas (A.E.M.J.), Spain
Asociacion Familias Numerosasa (AFAN), Argentina
Asociacion Guatemalteca de ducacion Sexual (AGES), Guatemala
Asociacion LatinoAmericana para los Derechos Humanos (ALDHU),
Ecuador
Asociacion Mexicana Contra la Violencia a las Mujeres A.C., Mexico
Asociacion Mexicana de Educacion Sexual, A.C. (AMES, A.C.), Mexico
Asociacion Navarra Nuevo Futuro, Spain
Asociacion Organizacion de Mujeres Salvadorenas por la Paz, El
Salvador
Asociacion Properu, Spain
Asociacion Provincial de Amas de Casa, Consumidores y Usuarios,
Spain
Asociacion Salvadorena Pro-Salud Rural (ASAPROSAR), El Salvador
Associacao Nacional das Empresarias, Portugal
Associacion Argentina de Derecho Internacional, Argentina
Associacon de Mulheres Contra a Violencia, Portugal
Associacon Para le Organizacion y Educacion e Empresarial Feminina,
El Salvador
Associacon Pour Le Developpement Harmonieux de la Mere et de
l'Enfant (ADHAME), Cameroon
Associates in Development (ASSID), Ghana
Association "Women Help Women," Yugoslavia
Association Baha'ie de Femmes pour le Devveloppement, La Paix et
l'Unite, France
Association Burkinabe des Sages-Femmes, Burkina Faso
Association de Developpement et de Protection de L'Environnement
(ADPE), Tunisia
Association Democratiques des Femmes du Maroc, Morocco
Association des Femmes Africaines de Sarcelles et Des Environs
(AFASE), France
Association des Femmes Educatrice du Mali, Mali
Association des Femmes Kimbanguistes (AFKI), Zaire
Association des Juristes de Cote D'Ivoire, Cote D'Ivoire
Association des Juristes Maliennes, Mali
Association des Professionnelles Africaines de la Communication
(APAC), Senegal
Association Femmes et Developpement (AFED), France
Association Femmes Jeunesse dans l'Environement Maghrebin,
Morocco
Association for Co-Operative Training of Women, Jordan
Association for Cultural Exchange with Foreign Countries of Tibet
Autonomous Region, China
Association for Experiential Education, USA
Association for Promoters of Equality of Opportunity Between
Women and Men, Sweden
Association for Rural Development, Sierra Leone
Association for Social Advancement (ASA), Bangladesh
Association for the Advancement of Feminism, Hong Kong
Association for the Defence of Rights of Zerbaijan Women, Azerbaijan
Association for the Development and Enhancement of Women
(ADEW), Egypt
Association for the Promotion of the Status of Women, Thailand
Association for Women in Science, USA
Association Guineerre des Femmes Chercheurs (AGFC), Guinea
Association International Pour la Democratie en Afrique, Cote
D'Ivoire
Association Internationale des Maisons Familiales Rurales
(A.I.M.F.R.), France
Association Marocaine de Planification Familiale (AMPF), Morocco
Association Marocaine de Soutien a l'Unicef, Morocco
Association Marocaine des Droits des Femmes (AMDE), Morocco
Association Marocaine des Femmes Progresistes (AMFP), Morocco
Association Marocaine pour la Promotion de l'Enterprise Feminine,
Morocco
Association Mauritanienne la Promotion de la Famille, Mauritania
Association Morocaine des Droits de l'Homme, Morocco
Association Nationale des Femmes Relais/Mediatrices
Interculturelles, France
Association of Art, Press and Business Women (Ariadna), Romania
Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh (ADAB),
Bangladesh
Association of Gypsy Mothers in Hungary (GMA), Hungary
Association of Non-English Speaking Background Women of Australia
(ANESBWA), Australia
Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (ANGOS), India
Association of Presbyterian Women of Aotearoa New Zealand, New
Zealand
Association of Upper Egypt for Education and Development, Egypt
Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE), Singapore
Association of Women Journalists, Russian Federation
Association of Women Lawyers, Malaysia
Association of Women Librarians in Nigeria, Nigeria
Association of Women's Organizations of Jamaica, Jamaica
Association pour la Promotion de las Femme Senegalaise (APROFES),
Senegal
Association pour le Progres et al Defense des Droits des Femmes
Maliennes (APDF), Mali
Association Tunisienne des Sages Femmes, Tunisia
Association Tunisienne du Planning Familial (ATPF), Tunisia
Associzione Internazionale delle Donne per la Comunicazione, Italy
Assumption College/Women's Studies, USA
Austcare, Australia
Australian Council of Churches, Australia
Australian Federation of Business and Professional Women, Inc.,
Australia
Australian Feminist Law Foundation Inc., Australia
Australian National Consultative Committee on Refugee Women,
Australia
Australian Women's Health Network, Australia
Austrian Coalition for Women's Human Rights, Austria
Austrian Foundation for Development Research (AFDR), Austria
Austrian Women's Shelter Network, Austria
Awal Women Association (AWS), Bahrain
Ayuda, USA
Azerbaijan Republic Business Women Association, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Respublikasi Ali Soveti Yaminda Humanitar Tadgigatlar
Ve Prognozlasdirma Merkezi, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan Women's Association, Azerbaijan
Aziz Jehan Begum Trust for the Blind, Pakistan
Babycare Women Association, Tanzania
Babylan-Philippine Women's Network in Europe, Germany
Badan Kerja Sama Organisasi Wanita Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur,
Indonesia
Baha'i Community of Canada, Canada
Baha'i International Community, The Netherlands
Bahrain Bar Society, Bahrain
Bahrain Family Planning Association, Bahrain
Bahrain Red Crescent Society, Bahrain
Bahrain Society of Sociologists, Bahrain
Bahrain Young Ladies Association, Bahrain
Bahraini Society for Child Development, Bahrain
Bangladesh Nari Prograti Sangha, Bangladesh
Bangladesh National Preparatory Committee Towards Beijing,
Bangladesh
Banulacht, Ireland
Baphalali Swaziland Red Cross Society, Swaziland
Bar Association of San Francisco, USA
Bauku Association of Women of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan
Biplabi Sanskritic Gosthi, Bangladesh
Bisan Center for Research and Development, Israel
Black Women Promotion and Research Project, United Kingdom
Black Women's Agenda, Inc., USA
Boston Women's Health Book Collective, Inc., USA
Botilda-UNIFEM Sweden, Sweden
British Association of Women Entrepreneurs (BAWE), United
Kingdom
Bulgarian Women's Association, Bulgaria
Bulgarnian FPA, Bulgaria
Business Women's Association of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
CADEF-Cimite Camerounais de Coordination des Ongs Feminines
(CAWCOM), Cameroon
Cadic (Collectif d'Actions pour le Development Communautaire et
Industriel), Burundi
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS), Egypt
California Women Lawyers, USA
Cameroonian Foundation for Women's Rational Action on the
Environment (FOCARFE), Cameroon
Camino Foundation, Argentina
Campaign Life Coalition, Canada
Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women in Sport,
Canada
Canadian Beijing Facilitating Committee, Canada
Canadian Committee for UNIFEM, Canada
Canadian Council for Refugees, Canada
Canadian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs,
Canada
Canadian Federation of University Women, Canada
Canadian Home Economics Association, Canada
Canadian Hunger Foundation, Canada
Canadian Indigenous Women's Resource Institute, Canada
Canadian Labour Congress, Canada
Canadian Nurses Association, Canada
Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, Canada
Canadian Teachers' Federation, Canada
Capital Women Journalists Association, China
CARE, USA
Caribbean People Development Agency (CARIPEDA), St. Vincent and
the Grenadines
Caritas, Chile
Caritas-A Fund of the Tides Foundation, USA
Carter Center, USA
Catholic Institute for International Relations, United Kingdom
Catholic Women of Tanzania Association (WAWATA), Tanzania
Catholics for a Free Choice, USA
Catolicas Pelo Direito de Decidir, Brazil
Catolicas Por El Derecho a Decidir (Oficina Central de la Red Latino
Americana), Uruguay
Catolicas Por El Derecho a Decidir A.C., Mexico
CEAP-Center for the Networking of Marginalized Population, Brazil
Ceapere, Senegal
Cebemo-Catholic Organization for Development Cooperation, The
Netherlands
Cenre de Promotion Feminine/Socoodefi, Burundi
Center for Agricultural Extension Volunteer (CAEV), Vietnam
Center for Constitutional Rights, USA
Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Zaire
Center for Juridicial Studies on Gender Themes, Brazil
Center for Policy Alternatives, USA
Center for Population and Family Health, USA
Center for the Study of Women and Society, USA
Center for Woman War Victims, Croatia
Center of Arab Women for Training and Research, Tunisia
Centerwoman, Sweden
Centre d'Informations Juridiques du Reseau Africain pour le
Developpement Integre (CIJ/RADI), Senegal
Centre for Action Oriented Research on African Development
(CARAD), Cameroon
Centre for African Family Studies, Kenya
Centre for Cross-Cultural Research on Women, United Kingdom
Centre for Cultural, Educational, Economic and Social Studies-Nagpur,
India
Centre for Environment Education (CEE), India
Centre for Environment, Gender and Development (Engender),
Singapore
Centre for Feminist Research, York University, Canada
Centre for International Studies/University College of Cape Breton,
Canada
Centre for Refugee Studies, York University, Canada
Centre for Social Research, India
Centre for Women and Development, Sri Lanka
Centre for Women's Development Studies, India
Centre for Women's Research (CENWOR), Sri Lanka
Centre for Women's Studies and Development, Punjab University,
India
Centre National d'Information et de Documentation des Femmes et
des Familles (CNIDFF), France
Centre of Concern for Child Labour, India
Centro Barasileiro da Crianca e da Adolescente-Casa de Passagem,
Brazil
Centro de Apoyo Integral a la Mujer "Juana Azurduy," Bolivia
Centro de Asesoria Laboral del Peru S.R.L. (CEDAL), Peru
Centro de Asistencia Legal Popular (CEALP), Panama
Centro de Atencion a la Mujer Trabajadora A.C., Mexico
Centro de Ativades Culturais Economicas e Sociais, Brazil
Centro de Ayuda Para la Mujer, Mexico
Centro de Capacitacion Para Las Trabajadoras del Hogar (CCTH), Peru
Centro de Derechos de Mujeres (CDM), Honduras
Centro de Desarrollo y Formento a la Autoayuda (CEDEFOA), Bolivia
Centro de Estudios de la Mujer de la Universidad Central de
Venezuela, Venezuela
Centro de Estudios e Investigacion Sobre el Moltrato de la Mujer
Ecuatoriana, Ecuador
Centro de Estudios Para el Desarrollo, Bolivia
Centro de Informacion v Desarrolo de la Mujer-Cidem, Bolivia
Centro de Investigacion Para la Accion Femenina, Dominicana
Centro de Investigacion Social, Formacion y Estudios de la Mujer
(CISFEM), Venezuela
Centro de Investigacion Social Technologia Apropiada y Capacitacion
(CISTAC), Bolivia
Centro de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Social Comunitario Coporacion,
Colombia
Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristan, Peru
Centro de Promocion de la Mujer Gregoria Apaza, Bolivia
Centro Ecuatoriano para Promocion y Accion de la Mujer, Ecuador
Centro Feminista LatinoAmericano de Estudios Interdisciplinarios,
Venezuela
Centro Informacao Mulher (CIM), Brazil
CETRA-Centro de Estudos do Trabalho e de Assessoria ao
Trabalhador, Brazil
CFEMA-Centro Feminista de Estudos e Assessoria, Brazil
Chattisgarh Mahila Jagriti Sangathan, India
Children and Mothers Welfare Society, Bahrain
Children's Express Foundation, USA
Children's Fund of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
China Association for Labour Studies, China
China Committee for the Promotion of Women and Children Affairs,
China
China Family Planning Association, China
China Individual Entrepreneurs' Association, China
China Marriage and Family Promotion Association, China
China National Committee on Aging (CNC), China
China Nationality Council for Promotion of Economy and Cooperation
with Foreign Countries, China
China Population Welfare Foundation, China
China Research Association of Marriage and Family, China
China Society for Human Rights Studies, China
China Society of Administration for Industry and Commerce, China
China Women's Association for Science and Technology (CWAST),
China
China's Women Association Chemical Science and Technology
(CWACST), China
Chinese Education Association for International Exchange, China
Chinese Immigrants Service, Inc., USA
Chinese Marriage and Family Promotion Association, China
Chinese Nutrition Society, China
Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries
(CPAFFC), China
Chinese People's Association for Peace and Disarmament, China
Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences (CSES), China
Choisir la Cause des Femmes, France
Christian Aid, United Kingdom
Christian Brothers University, USA
Christian Council of Ghana, Ghana
Christian-Democratic Union of Women of Slovakia (ODUWS), Slovakia
Church of Scotland Woman's Guild, United Kingdom
Church of the Province of Tanzania, Tanzania
Circulo Empresarial IberoAmericano, Spain
Cladem, Costa Rica
Cladem-Peru, Peru
Clamden-Latin American Caribbean Committee for the Defense of
Women Rights, Brazil
Club des Femmes d'Affaire Eterna, Bulgaria
Club Unesco Feminin la Colombe, Togo
Coalition of Australian Lesbians (COAL), Australia
Coalition of Nigerian NGOs on Health, Population and Development,
Nigeria
Coalition on Women and Religion (CWR)/Church Council of Greater
Seattle, USA
Colectivo el Telar, Chile
Colectivo Feminista Clara Gonzalez, Panama
Coletivo Feminista Sexualidade e Saude (CFSS), Brazil
Collectif 95 Maghreb Egalite, Morocco
Collectif Feministe Contre le Viol, France
Collectif Feministe Ruptures, France
Collectif Femmes Immigrees (S/C Modefen), France
Comision de Asociaciones Para el Esguimiento Del Plan de Igualdad
de Oportunidades de las Mujeres, Spain
Comite Catholique Contre la Faim et pour le Developpement (CCFD),
France
Comite de Liaison pour l'Alphabetisation et la Promotion (CLAP),
France
Comite Francais des Organisations non Gouvernementales pour la
Liaison et l'Information des Nations Unies, France
Comite International des Femmes Africaines pour le Developpement
(CIFAD), Cote D'Ivoire
Comite Nacional de Amas de Casa Minera/Federa. Sindical de
Trabajadores Mineros de Bolivia, Bolivia
Comite National D'Action pour les Droits de l'enfant et de la Femme,
Cameroon
Comite National des Droits de la Femme, Congo
Comite Scientifique Femmes et Developpement, France
Commission Feminine Internationale du Mouvement Europeen,
Belgium
Commission Nationale de Femme du Mouvement Populaire, Morocco
Committee for Peace and Civil Initiatives (CPCI), Republic of
Macedonia
Committee of 200, USA
Committee on Family, Women and Demographic Policy (YAKUTIA),
Russian Federation
Community and Family Service International, Philippines
Community Development Trust Fund, Tanzania
Comprehensive Development Association, Egypt
Comunidad de Mujeres sin Frontera-Comsif Unidas para el Desarrollo,
Bolivia
Confederacion de Federaciones y Asociaciones de Viudas Hispania,
Spain
Confederation Generale du Travail, France
Confederation Nationale des Associations Familiales Catholiques,
France
Confederation of Business Women of Russia, Russian Federation
Confederation of Netherlands Trade Unions, The Netherlands
Congregations of Saint Joseph, USA
Congregazione di Nostra Signora di Carita del Buon Pastore, Italy
Congress of Black Women of Canada, Canada
Congressional Human Rights Foundation, USA
Conseil des Femmes de Polynesie Francaise, Polynesia
Conseil des Femmes Francophones de Belgique, Belgium
Conseil National des Femmes Francaises, France
Consejo de Education de Adults de America Latina (CEAAL), Chile
Coordinacion de Mujeres del Paraguay (C.M.P.), Paraguay
Coordinacion Sub-Region Andina, Bolivia
Coordinadora de la Mujer, Bolivia
Coordinadora de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales de Mujeres,
Venezuela
Coordinadora de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales del Area Mujer,
Dominica
Coordinadora de Organizaciones Para el Dessarrollo de la Integral
Mujer, Panama
Coordinadora Departamental de la Mujer-Pando, Bolivia
Coordinadora Feminista de Defensoras A.C., Mexico
Coordinating Assembly of NGOs, Swaziland
Coordination des Associations et ong Feminines du Mali (CAFO), Mali
Coordination Unit-Bangalore (Fourth World Conference on Women,
Beijing 1995), India
Coordination Unit-India, India
Coptic Evangelical Organization for Social Services (CEOSS), Egypt
Cordinacion Nacional Bolivia, Bolivia
Corporacion Casa de la Mujer, Colombia
Corporacion Femenina Ecuatoriana (CORFEC), Ecuador
Corporacion Fondo de Apoyo de Empresas Asociatives, Venezuela
Cote D'Ivoire-Ecologie, Cote d'Ivoire
Council for the Status of Women, Ireland
Council for Women in Development (SIDA/KIB), Sweden
Council of Churches in Namibia, Namibia
Council of Churches in the Netherlands, The Netherlands
Council of Nordic Trade Unions, Sweden
Council of World Organizations Concerned About AIDS, USA
Council on the Aging Australia (COTA), Australia
Country Women Association of Nigeria, Nigeria
Couple to Couple League International, Inc., USA
Creative Associates International, Inc. (CAII), USA
Creatividad y Cambio, Peru
Cuso, Canada
Dames Aktueel, South Africa
Danish Family Planning Association, Denmark
Danish Women's Society, Denmark
Davao del Norte Service Center for Women Inc., Philippines
Democratic Socialist Women of the Philippines (DSWP), Philippines
Democratic Union of Women of Slovakia, Slovakia
Demokratic Women's Board of Lithuania, Lithuania
Departmento de la Mujer de la Asociacion Trabajadores del Estado,
Argentina
Desa-Dubrovnik Peace and Humanitarian Organization, Croatia
Deutsche Welthungerhilfe (German Agro Action), Germany
Developing Countries Farm Radio Network, Canada
Development Group for Alternative Policies (The Development Gap),
USA
Development Through Active Women Networking Foundation,
Philippines
Developpement Par l'Epargne et le Credit-Organisation non
Gouvernementale, Cote D'Ivoire
Dialogue on Diversity, Inc., USA
Dimock Community Health Center, USA
Disability Council of NSW, Australia
Disabled Women's Network, Canada
Donum Vitae Association, Slovakia
Duang Prateep Foundation, Thailand
Dutch Association of Women's Interest, Women's Work and Equal
Citizenship, The Netherlands
Dutch Platform for Women and Health, Beijing '95, The Netherlands
Eagle Forum/Education and Legal Defense Fund, USA
Ecumenical Coalition on Women and Society (Institute on Religion
and Democracy), USA
Ecumenical Women, Namibia
Education Centre for Women in Democracy, Kenya
Egale (Equality for Gays and Lesbians Everywhere), Canada
Egypt Young Women's Christian Association, Egypt
Egyptian Association for Family Protection, Egypt
Egyptian Medical Women Association, Egypt
Egyptian National Steering Preparatory Committee for Beijing 1995,
Egypt
Egyptian Organization for Family Welfare, Egypt
Egyptian Society for the Development of Local Communities, Egypt
Egyptian Society on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of
Women and Children, Egypt
Egyptian Women in Film, Egypt
El Nadim Center for the Management and Rehabilitation of Victims of
Violence, Egypt
Emakunde/Instituto Vasco de la Mujer, Spain
Emancipation Council, The Netherlands
Emas, A.C. (Equipo Mujeres en Accion Solidaria), Mexico
Empowerment and Action Research Centre, Nigeria
Environmental and Energy Study Institute, USA
Espace Point de Depart, Morocco
Espace Simone de Beauvoir, France
Estonian National Committee of UNICEF, Estonia
Estudio Para la Defensa de Los Derechos de la Mujer, Peru
European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN), Belgium
European Blind Union, The Netherlands
European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity, Belgium
European Network for Women's Right to Abortion and Contraception
(ENWRAC), United Kingdom
European Network of Policewomen, The Netherlands
European Network of Women, United Kingdom
European Union of Women (British Section), United Kingdom
European University Center for Peace Studies (EPU), Austria
Faira Aboriginal Corporation, Australia
Fairfield Multicultural Family Planning Service, Australia
Fame Actrices, France
Family Care International, Inc., USA
Family Health International, USA
Family Life Counselling Association of Kenya, Kenya
Family Life International, New Zealand
Family Life Promotion and Services, Kenya
Family of the Americas, United Nations of America
Family Planning Association of Estonia, Estonia
Family Planning Association of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
Family Planning Association of Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad and
Tobago
Family Planning Association of Turkey, Turkey
Family Planning Association of Uganda, Uganda
Family Planning Organization of the Philippines, Philippines
Family Violence Prevention Fund, USA
Family Welfare Foundation of India, India
Fawcett Society, United Kingdom
Federacion de Mujeres Campesinas Indigenas, Peru
Federacion de Mujeres Cubanas, Cuba
Federacion Espanola de Mujeres Directivas, Ejecutivas, Professionales
y Empresariales, Spain
Federacion Iberica de Asociaciones de Telespectadores y Radioyentes
(FATYR), Spain
Federacion Mujeres Progresistas, Spain
Federacion Nacional de Asociaciones de Mujeres para la Democracia,
Spain
Federacion Nacional de la Mujer Rural, Spain
Federacion Nacional de Mujeres Campesinas de Bolovia Bartolina Sisa,
Bolivia
Federacion Nacional de Mujeres Catolicas de Panama, Panama
Federacion National de Mujeres de Negocios y Profesionales de Chile,
Chile
Federacion Sindical Unica de Trabajadores Comunarios de Potosi,
Spain
Federacion Union Nacional de Consumidores y Amas de Hogar de
Espana (UNDE), Spain
Federal Women's Committee-Liberal Party of Australia, Australia
Federally Employed Women, Inc., USA
Federation des Associations Feminines du Cameroon (FAFCAM),
Cameroon
Federation des Dames D'Acadie Inc., Canada
Federation des Femmes Beninoise, Benin
Federation Europeenne des Femmes Actives au Foyer, Belgium
Federation Nationale des Femmes Canadiennes Francaises, Canada
Federation Nationale Solidarite Femmes, France
Federation of American Women's Clubs Overseas Fundacion, France
Federation of Family Planning Associations, Malaysia
Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia, Russia
Federation of Medical Women of Canada, Canada
Federation of Municipal Officers KVL, Finland
Federation of Muslim Women Association in Nigeria, Nigeria
Federation of New Filipina Member-Women's International
Democratic Federation (WIDF), Philippines
Federation of Refugee Organization in The Netherlands, The
Netherlands
Federation of Turkish Women's Association, Turkey
Feminist Orientation Center, Russian Federation
Feminstas en Marcha (FEM), USA
Femme Developpement Enterprise en Afrique, Senegal
Femme-Avenir: C.F.C.I. (Centre de Formation, d'Etudes et
d'Informations), France
Femmes d'Affaires Sans Frontiere, Canada
Femmes Entrepreneurs de Madagascar, Madagascar
Femmes et Medecine, France
Femmes Informations Liaisons, France
Femmes, Sciences, Developpement, Madagascar
Fempress (Latin American Institute for Transnational Studies), Chile
Fiji Women's Rights Movement, Fiji
Finnish Volunteer Service Center for Development Cooperation (FVS),
Finland
Firaisan'ny Vehivavy Sendikalista/F.M.M., Madagascar
Focus on the Family, USA
Foro Nacional Por Colombia, Colombia
Forum des Migrants de l'Ue, Belgium
Forum Kobiet Katolickich, Poland
Foundation Against Trafficking in Women, The Netherlands
Foundation for a Compassionate Society, USA
Foundation for African Women's Advancement (FAWA), Sweden
Foundation for Integrated Development (FIND), Pakistan
Foundation for Professional Training (FPTI) (Organization for
Women-in-Development Education), Philippines
Foundation for the Support of the United Nations, Inc., Japan
Foundation for the Support of Women's Work, Turkey
Foundation for Women, Thailand
Foundation for Women's Solidarity (FWS), Turkey
Foundation of Women's Forum, Sweden
Foyer Nouveau pour le Developpement Familial (FONDEF), Zaire
Franciscan Health System, USA
Francois-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights, USA
Fraueninformationzentrum 3 Welt, Switzerland
Fredrika-Bremer Association, Sweden
Freedom Forum, USA
Freedom From Hunger, USA
French Confederation of the Catholic Families Association, France
Friends of the Pennsylvania Commission for Women, USA
Friendship Ambassadors Foundation, USA
Fundacion Cipie (Centro de Investigaciones y Promocion
Iberoamerica-Europa), Spain
Fundacion de Apoyo al Centro de Estudios de la Mujer, Venezuela
Fundacion de Mujeres Profesionales, Nicaragua
Fundacion Dialogo Mujer, Colombia
Fundacion Foro Nacional Por Colombia, Colombia
Fundacion Guatemala, Guatemala
Fundacion Maria Guare, Ecuador
Fundacion Originaria "Juana Azurduy de Padilla," Bolivia
Fundacion Para Estudio e Investigacion de la Mujer, Argentina
Fundacion Para La Promocion de la Mujer, Panama
Fundacion Plemuu, Uruguay
Fundacion Promocion Social de la Cultura, Spain
Fundacion Tazumal, El Salvador
Fundacion Tun Ben Kin A.C., Mexico
Fundacion Vida y Familia, El Salvador
Fundamujer, Venezuela
GASAT Association (Gender and Science and Technology), United
Kingdom
Gayia, Niger
General Assembly Binding Women for Reforms, Integrity, Equality,
Leadership and Action, Philippines
General Confederation of Trade Unions, Russia
General Federation of Iraqi Women, Iraq
General Federation of Women's Clubs, USA
General Union of Palestinian Women (GUPW), Jordan
Georgian Planned Parenthood Federation (GPPF), Georgia
Getting Old is to Grow, Tanzania
Girl Guide Association of Australia Incorporated, Australia
Girl Scouts of Korea, Korea
Girl Scouts of the Philippines (GSP), Philippines
Girls Incorporated, USA
Girls' International Forum for Tomorrow, USA
Global Coalition for Africa, USA
Global Exchange, USA
Global Food & Nutrition Alliance, Switzerland
Global Legislators Organization for a Balanced Environment, Japan
Global Women's Network, Ireland
Goree Institute, Senegal
Graduates of the Girl Technical Teaching School (KT00BD), Turkey
Grameen Bank, Bangladesh
Grassroot Health Organization of Nigeria, Nigeria
Green Fingers Society for Environmental Protection, Libya Arab
Jamahiriya
Groupe d'Acton Pour la Justice et l'Egalite Sociale, Benin
Groupe de Recherche d'Etudes et de Formation Femmesaction,
Burkina Faso
Groupe Femmes pour l'Abolition des Mutilations Sexuelles (G.A.M.S.),
France
Groupe Pivot/Education de Base, Mali
Grupo de Educacion Popular Con Mujeres A.C. (GEM), Mexico
Grupo de Informacion en Reproduccion Elegida (GIRE), Mexico
Grupo Feminista Alaide Foppa, Mexico
Grupo Mujer, Peru
Grupo Mujeres y Desarrollo-Coordinao dora de ong para Desarrollo,
Spain
Guide Association, United Kingdom
Gujarat State Crime Prevention Trust, India
Gulshan Ladies Community Club and Women's Voluntary Association,
Bangladesh
Hadassah, The Women's Zionist Organization of America, Inc., USA
Haitian American Women Advocacy Network, Inc. (HAWANET), USA
Harlem Women's Committee/New Future Foundation Inc., USA
Harvard Institute for International Development/MIT Women in
Development Group, USA
Heifer Project International, USA
Higher Committee for Childwelfare, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Hoda Shaarawy, Egypt
Hong Kong Association of Business and Professional Women, Hong
Kong
Hong Kong Federation of Women Lawyers, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Federation of Women's Centres, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Women's Christian Association, Hong Kong
Hong Kong Women's Foundation Limited, Hong Kong
Housewives Association Home and Society, Sweden
Human Lactation Center, Ltd., USA
Human Rights Association, Turkey
Human Rights Education Centre, Czech Republic
Humanistic Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries
(HIVOS), Netherlands
Immigrant Women of Saskatchewan, Canada
INACAP-CENTRUM, Chile
Independent Commission on Population and Quality of Life, France
Indian Federation of University Women's Associations, India
Indian Women's Group of Trinidad & Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago
Indigenous Women's Network, USA
Indonesian Federation of Business & Professional Women (IFBPW),
Indonesia
Information Center of the Indepdendent Women's Forum (ICIWF),
Russian Federation
Institute for Asian Feminist Theology, Korea
Institute for Development Training, USA
Institute for Global Security Studies (IGSS), USA
Institute for Reproductive Health, USA
Institute for Social Studies and Action (ISSA), Philippines
Institute for Socio-Economic Development (ISED), India
Institute for the Study of Women/Mount Saint Vincent University,
Canada
Institute for Women's Policy Research, USA
Institute of Development Studies Women Study Group (IDS-WSG),
Tanzania
Institute of Social Studies Trust, India
Instituto de Ciencias Familiares (ICF), Uruguay
Instituto de Estudios de la Mujer, El Salvador
Instituto de Estudios Juridico Sociales de la Mujer (Indeso-Mujer),
Argentina
Instituto de Estudios Juridicos de El Salvador, El Salvador
Instituto de la Mujer, Chile
Instituto Deriose Ma. Luis Mora, Mexico
Instituto Ecuatoriano de Investigaciones y Capacitacion de la Mujer
(IECAIM), Ecuador
Instituto Mujer y Sociedad, Uruguay
Instituto Social y Politico de la Mujer, Argentina
Instituto Universitario de Estudios de la Mujer de la Universidad
Autonoma, Spain
Integrated Care Society, Egypt
Inter-American Parliamentary Group on Population and
Development, USA
Inter-Regional Business Women Club Gen Club, Russian Federation
Interessenvertretung Selbstbestimmt Leben Deutschland E.V. (ISL),
Germany
International Association for Feminist Economics, USA
International Baby Food Action Network, Switzerland
International Black Women for Wages for Housework, United
Kingdom
International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice
Policy, Canada
International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development
(ICHRDD), Canada
International Coalition on Women and Credit, USA
International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS (ICW),
United Kingdom
International Crosscultural Black Women's Studies Institute, USA
International Development Research Center, Canada
International Federation of Building and Wood Workers (IFBWW),
Switzerland
International Federation of Business and Professional Women, Spain
International Federation of Women Lawyers-Kenya Chapter, Kenya
International Fund for National Directorate of Employment/Better
Life Informal Coop Sector Educ. Scheme, Nigeria
International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission, USA
International Health Awareness Network, USA
International Institute for Human Rights, Environment and
Development, Nepal
International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO), Saudi Arabia
International Jurists Organisation (Asia), India
International Lactation Consultant Association (ILCA), USA
International Ladies Group, Bahrain
International Planned Parenthood Federation (Europe Region), United
Kingdom
International Planned Parenthood Federation-Arab World Regional
Bureau, Tunisia
International Prostitutes Collective, United Kingdom
International Reproductive Rights Research Action Group, USA
International Secretariat for Water, Canada
International Society "Women of Georgia for Peace," Georgia
International Wages for Housework Campaign, United Kingdom
International Women Count Network, United Kingdom
International Women's Media Foundation, USA
International Women's Rights Action Watch, USA
International Women's Writing Guild, USA
International Women's Yoga Network (IWYN), United Kingdom
International Working Group on Women and Sport, United Kingdom
Iranian Women Society, Iran
Iranian Women's Studies Foundation (Bonyad e Pajuhesh-Haye
Zanane Iran), USA
Irish Commission for Justice and Peace, Ireland
Irish Countrywomen's Association, Ireland
ISIS International-Manila, Philippines
ISIS-Women's International Cross-Cultural Exchange (ISIS WICCE),
Uganda
Islamic Women's Institute of Iran (IWII), Iran
Japan Fellowship of Reconciliation (JFOR), Japan
Japan Women's Global Environment Network International (GENKI),
Japan
Japanese Association of International Women's Rights (JAIWR), Japan
Jeunes et Sante, France
Jewels (Justice and Equality for Women Everywhere Legally,
Lawlessly, and Shamelessly), Canada
Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Reproductive
Health (JHPIEGO), USA
Joint Women's Programme-Christian Institute for the Study of
Religion and Society, India
Jordanian National Population Commission (JNPC), Jordan
K.U.L.U.-Women and Development, Denmark
Kalayaan, United Kingdom
Kalinagan Youth Foundation Inc., Philippines
Kamal Nari Sewa Kendra, Nepal
Karakachoff Foundation-Commission for the Advancement of Women,
Argentina
Karakalpak Centre of the Human Reproduction & Family Planning,
Uzbekistan
Katholische Frauenbewegung Osterreichs, Austria
Katipunan an Baong Pilipina (Kabapa)/Katipun an ng Bagong Pilipina
(Kabapa), Phillipines
Kenya Medical Women's Association, Kenya
Kenya National Council of NGOs, Kenya
Khemara, Cambodia
Kitakyushu Forum on Asian Women, Japan
Kontak, South Africa
Koperasi Serba Usaha Annisa, Indonesia
Korea Woman's Hotline, Korea
Korea Women's Association United, Korea
Korean Association of Women Theologians, Korea
Korean Canadian Women's Association, Canada
Korean Catholic Women's Community for a New World (KCWC), Korea
Korean Federation of Business and Professional Women, Korea
Korean Institute for Women and Politics (KIWP), Korea
Korean League of Women Voters, Korea
Korean Legal Aid Center for Family Relations, Korea
Korean National Methodist Women, Korea
Korean National Mothers' Association (KNMA), Korea
Korean Nurses Association, Korea
Korean Women Workers Associations United, Korea
Korean Women's Association (KWA), Korea
Korean Women's Development Institute, Korea
Kowani-The Indonesian Women's Congress, Indonesia
KSGS (Kelompak sor or Gender Surakarsa), Indonesia
Kvinnefronten (Women's Front of Norway), Norway
L'Association Algerienne Pour la Planification Familiale, Algeria
L'Union Nationale des Femmes de Roumainie, Romania
Landelijk Steunpunt Vrouwen en de Bijstand, The Netherlands
Landelijke Organisatie van Surinaamse Vrouwen, The Netherlands
Latin American and Caribbean Women's Health Network (LACWHN),
Chile
Latvian Association of Family Planning and Sexual Health, Latvia
Laubach Literacy International, USA
Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, USA
Leadership America, USA
Leadership Conference of Women Religious (LCWR), USA
League for Woman and Child Education (LEWCE), Cameroon
League of Angolan Women, Angola
League of Women Voters of the United States, USA
Lebanese Council of Women, Lebanon
Legal Aid Centre for Urban Poor Women (LACUPW), India
Legal Assistance Centre-NGO, Namibia
Les Nanas Beurs, France
Libyan Midwife Association for Mother and Childhood Care, Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya
Life Choices, USA
Life Ethics Educational Association, Canada
Lifeline (Aid to Women), Canada
Ligue Democratique Pour les droits de la Femme (Au Maroc), Morocco
Lithuanian Feminist University, Lithuania
Lithuanian Housewives Association, Lithuania
Lithuanian Social Democratic Women Union (LSDWU), Lithuania
Local Government International Bureau, United Kingdom
London Black Women's Health Action Project, United Kingdom
MacArthur Foundation, USA
Madaripur Legal Aid Association (MLAA), Bangladesh
Magree Womencare International, USA
Maitoha Action Committee on the Status of Women (MACSW), Canada
Maldovean Family Planning Association, Moldovia
Mamta Health Institute for our Mother and Child, India
Manushi (For Sustainable Development), Nepal
Marangopoulos Foundation for Human Rights, Greece
Margaret Sanger Center, International Planned Parenthood of New
York, USA
Margaret Trowel School of Industrial and Fine Arts, Makerere
University, Uganda
Marie Stopes International (MSI), United Kingdom
Maryknoll Sisters of St. Dominic, Inc., USA
Match International Center, Canada
Maternal Health Care Society of China Preventive Medical
Association, China
Mathematical Association of America, USA
Mauritius Family Planning Association, Mauritius
Mautner Project for Lesbians with Cancer, USA
Medecins du Monde International Catholic, France
Medical Mission Sisters (Society of Catholic Medical Missionaries
Generalate, Inc.), United Kingdom
Medical Women Association of Tanzania, Tanzania
Mediterranean Women's Forum, Spain
Medusa (Dutch Nat'l Serv. and Deve. Office Concerning Prevention of
Sexual Violence), The Netherlands
Melati Institute of Management for the Advancement of Women,
Indonesia
Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke, Denmark
Methaetsile Women's Information Centre, Botswana
Metis-Dutch Office for Women's Health Care, The Netherlands
Middle Eastern and African Research Centre/Wales (MERAWEC),
United Kingdom
Midwives Alliance of North America, USA
Mills College (Women's Leadership Institute), USA
Mkamilishano Trust Fund, Tanzania
Mobility International U.S.A., USA
Mongolian Women's Federation, Mongolia
Moscow Center for Gender Studies, Russian Federation
Mothers at Home, USA
Mothers for Peace-Croatia, Croatia
Mouvement "Jeunes Femmes," France
Mouvement d'Action Pour le Renouveau Social, Togo
Mouvement Feminin du Mouvement National Populaire, Morocco
Mouvement Pour la Defense des Droits de la Femme Noire
(MODEFEN), France
Movimiento Manuela Ramos, Peru
Movimiento Mundial de Madres, Spain
Ms. Foundation for Women, USA
Mujeres en Desarrollo Dominicana, Dominica Republic
Mujeres por la Dignidad y la Vida, El Salvador
Mujeres Trabajadoras Unidas, Mexico
Multiple Action Research Group (MARG), India
Munakukaama Women's Development Association, Uganda
Muslim Sisters Organization of Nigeria, Nigeria
Muslim Women Association, Tanzania
Muslim Women's League, USA
Muslim Women's Research and Action Front, Sri Lanka
N.C.O.S. (National Centre for Development Cooperation), Belgium
N.M. Sadguru Water and Development Foundation, India
N.Z. NGO Coordinating Committee-Beijing 1995, New Zealand
Namibia National Women's Organisation (NANAWO), Namibia
Namibian Women's Association (NAWA), Namibia
Naripokkho, Bangladesh
National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League (NARAL),
USA
National Action Committee on the Status of Women, Canada
National Alliance for Women of African Descent, United Kingdom
National Asian Women's Health Organization, USA
National Assembly of Women, United Kingdom
National Association of Kenyan Women, Kenya
National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's
Clubs, Inc., USA
National Association of the Disabled in Finland, Finland
National Association of University Women of Romania, Romania
National Association of Women Business Owners (NAWBO), USA
National Association of Women's Organization in Uganda (NAWOU),
Uganda
National Baha'i Office for the Advancement of Women, Nigeria
National Bar Association/Women's Division and the International
Law Section, USA
National Black Women's Health Project, Inc., USA
National Breast Cancer Coalition, USA
National Center on Women and Family Law, Inc., USA
National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, USA
National Committee for Development Education, The Netherlands
National Committee for the Advancement of Women in Vietnam,
Vietnam
National Committee for Women Workers of the All-China Federaton
of Trade Unions, China
National Committee on the United Nations Convention on the
Elimination of Discrimination against Women, USA
National Council for International Health, USA
National Council for Reserach on Women, USA
National Council of Churches of Kenya, Kenya
National Council of Jewish Women, USA
National Council of Negro Women, USA
National Council of Women in Denmark (DKN), Denmark
National Council of Women of Australia Inc. Ltd., Australia
National Council of Women of Canada (NCWC), Canada
National Council of Women of Fiji, Fiji
National Council of Women of Great Britain, United Kingdom
National Council of Women of Kenya, Kenya
National Council of Women of Thailand, Thailand
National Council of Women of the Philippines, Philippines
National Council of Women's Organizations (NCWO), Malaysia
National Council of Women's Societies, Nigeria
National Family Farm Coalition, USA
National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Association
(NFPRHA), USA
National Federation of International Organization for Immigrant
Women, Sweden
National Federation of Press Women, USA
National Federation of Women's Clubs of the Philippines, Philippines
National Federation of Women's Institutes (NFWI), United Kingdom
National Foundation for Women Business Owners, USA
National Institute for Leadership Development, USA
National Institute of Womanhood (NW), USA
National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council, USA
National Lawyers Guild, USA
National Media Centre, India
National Metis Women of Canada, Canada
National Network of Women's Funds, USA
National NGO Committee for Population and Development, Egypt
National NGO Planning Committee for Beijing, South Africa
National Organisation of Women's Crisis Centers, Denmark
National Organization of Arab-American Women, Inc., USA
National Organization of Immigrant and Visible Minority Women of
Canada, Canada
National Organization of Italian American Women, USA
National Political Congress of Black Women, USA
National Resource Center on Domestic Violence (NRC)/Pennsylvania
Coalition Against Domestic Violence (PCADV), USA
National Traveller Womens Forum (NTWF), Ireland
National Trust for the Advancement of Rural Women in Uganda,
Uganda
National Union of Domestic Employees (NUDE), Trinidad
National Union of Eritrean Women, Eritrea
National Union of Namibian Workers, Namibia
National Watch on Images of Women in the Media (Mediawatch) Inc.,
Canada
National Women and HIV/AIDS Project, Inc., USA
National Women's Association for Social and Educational
Advancement (NWASEA), Uganda
National Women's Committee of the CGIL-Italian Confederation of
Labour, Italy
National Women's Economic Alliance (NWEA), US
National Women's Law Center, USA
National Women's Network for International Solidarity, United
Kingdom
National Women's Political Caucus, USA
National Women's Studies Association, USA
National Youth Council of Switzerland (NYCS), Switzerland
Native Women's Association of Canada, Canada
Natonal Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States, USA
Navarra Association Women of the XXI Century, Spain
Near East Foundation/Center for Development Services, Egypt
Nederlandse Vereniging tot Integratie van Homoseksualteit-Coc, The
Netherlands
Nederlandstalige Nationale Vrouwenraad, Belgium
Nepal Centre for Women and Children Affairs, Nepal
Netherlands Association of University Women (VVAO), The
Netherlands
Netherlands Council of Women, The Netherlands
Netherlands Organization for Women's Interests, Women's Labour
and Equal Representation, The Netherlands
Netherlands-Baha'i Community, The Netherlands
Network Entre Mujeres (Norte)
Network of East-West Women, USA
Network of Ecumenical Women in Scotland (Actin of Churches
Together in Scotland), United Kingdom
Network of Non-Governmental Organizations of Trinidad and Tobago
for the Advancement of Women, Trinidad and Tobago
NGO Coalition, Botswana
NGO Coalition-Botswana (c/o Worldview Foundation), Botswana
NGO Coordinating Committee, Zambia
NGO Subcommittee of the National Committee for Japan for the
Fourth World Conference on Women, Japan
NGO-Women's Forum, Germany
Nigerian Association of University Women, Nigeria
Nizhny Novgorod League of Businesswomen, Russian Federation
Non-Governmental Organizations Coordinating Committee, Zambia
North America Taiwanese Women's Association, USA
North Cotabato Women Development Center, Philippines
North-South Institute, Canada
Northern Ireland Women's European Platform, Ireland
Norwegian Church Aid, Norway
Norwegian People's Aid, Norway
Norwegian Society of Rural Women, Norway
NRL Educational Trust Fund, USA
NYTKIS (The Coalition of Finnish Women's Associations in Joint
Action), Finland
O Le Siosiomaga Society Inc., Samoa
Office of Women in Higher Education/American Council on Education,
USA
Oficina Juridica Para la Mujer, Bolivia
Older Women's League (OWL), USA
Older Women's Network (Australia), Australia
Once and Future Action Network (OFAN), Jamaica
Organisation Catholique Canadienne pour le Developpement et la
Paix, Canada
Organisation de la Femme Istiqlalienne, Morocco
Organisation Marocaine des Droits de l'Homme (OMDH), Morocco
Organisation Pan Africaine de Lutte Contre le Sida Maroc (OPALS),
Morocco
Organizacion de Mujeres Empresarias y de Gerencia Activa (OMEGA),
Spain
Organizacion Lilith de Mujeres Independientes, A.C., Mexico
Organization for Defending Victims of Violence, Iran
Organization for Researching and Promoting the Psychosocial Needs
of Women (MODRA), Slovakia
Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa (OSSREA),
Ethiopia
Organizing Committee/People's Decade of Human Rights
Education/USA
Oxfam-Quebec, Canada
Pacific-Asia Resource Center, Japan
Pain Pour les Desherites, Burundi
Pakistan Association for Women's Studies (PAWS), Pakistan
Palestine Human Rights Information Center, Israel
Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committees (PARC), Palestine
Palestinian Family Planning and Protection Association, Palestine
Palestinian Working Women Society (PWWS), Israel
Pan Pacific and South East Asia Women's Association of Australia,
Australia
Pan Pacific and South East Asia Women's Association of Thailand,
Thailand
Pan Pacific and Southeast Asia Women's Association, Philippines
Pankhurst Trust, United Kingdom
Papua New Guina National Council of Women, Papua New Guinea
Parents United for Child Care (PUCC), USA
Pathfinder International, USA
Pauktuutit (Inuit Women's Association of Canada), Canada
Payoke, V.Z.W., Belgium
Peace and Cooperation, Spain
Peace Links, Inc., USA
Petersburg Center for Gender Issues, Russian Federation
Petersburg Women's Centre (Russia), Russian Federation
Philadelphia Congress of the National Political Congress of Black
Women (NPCBW), USA
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, USA
Pittsburgh Beijing '95 and Beyond (PBB), USA
Planned Parenthood Association of Eritrea, Eritrea
Planned Parenthood Federation of America, USA
Planned Parenthood Federation of Canada, Canada
Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria, Nigeria
Platforma de Mujeres Alcoholicas Rehabilitas, Spain
Plenty, USA
Plutonium Free Future Women's Network
Population Reference Bureau, Inc., USA
Population Resource Centre, USA
PRADAN (Professional Assistance for Development Action), India
Presbyterian Church in Canada, Canada
Pro-Vida Dominicana, Republic Dominicana
Programa de Coordinacion en Supervivencia Infantil (Procosi)
Religious, Bolivia
Programme Against Malnutrition, Zambia
Progressive Assistance for Social Service, Bangladesh
Project Kesher, USA
Promo-Femmes/Developpement Sport, Burkina Faso
PROWAC (Coalition for Protection of Rights of Women and Children),
India
Public Elderly Women Activities Center Gaja, Lithuania
Public Union on Women's Affairs, Defending the Causes of Family,
Maternity and Childhood, Russian Federation
Queen Alia Fund for Social Development, Jordan
Rassemblement Democratique des Femmes du Niger, Niger
Real Women of Canada, Canada
Red Crescent Society of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Red Cross Society of China, China
Red de Mujeres AfroCaribenas y AfroLatino Americans, Dominica
Red Nacional de Promocion de la Mujer-Peru, Peru
Rede Mulher de Educacao, Brazil
Redeh-Rede de Defesa da Especie Humana, Brazil
Redehrede de Defesa da Especie Humana, Brazil
Refuge, United Kingdom
Regional Women's Commercial Charitable Organization Anna, Russian
Federation
Relief Society of the Church of J.C. of Latter Day Saints, USA
Religious Consultation on Population, Reproductive Health and Ethics,
USA
Research Foundation for Science, Technology & Natural Resource
Policy, India
Reseau de Communication d'Information et de Formation des
Femmes, Burkina Faso
Reseau Sous-Regional Femmes Africaines et Droits Humains (REFAD),
Burkina Faso
Results, Inc., USA
Retravailler, France
Riffa Cultural and Charity Society, Bahrain
Right to Life Victoria Inc., Australia
Right to Live, Russian Federation
Riksforbundget for Sexuell Upplysning (RFSU), Sweden
Rockford Institute Center on the Family in America, USA
Romanian Local Women's Organization, Romania
Romanian Women Association, Romania
Roshni-Centre for Women in Crisis, Pakistan
Royal College of Nursing of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom
Ruk Rakaganno (The Tree Society) Women's Environmental Center,
Sri Lanka
Rural Development Leadership Network, USA
Rural Social Science Network, Bangladesh
Russian Family Planning Association, Russian Federation
Rutherford Institute, USA
S.O.S. Ecoute Famille, France
Saacid Voluntary Organisation, Kenya
Saamstan Building Cooperative, Namibia
Sach-Struggle for Change, Pakistan
Sacramento Women's Network of the CSUS Multi-Cultural Center, USA
Sadjaddieh Noor Women Charity Association, Iran
Sakshi, India
San Diego Economic Conversion Council (SDECC), USA
Saphta, Niger
School of Nursing/University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
School Sisters of Notre Dame, Italy
Scientific Association of Arab Women, Egypt
Scottish Joint Action Group, United Kingdom
Scottish Trades Union Congress (Women's Committee), United
Kingdom
Search, India
Secours Catholique et Developpement, Chad
Secours Populaire Libanais, Lebanon
Secretariat de Concertation des ong Maliennes-Seco-ong/Mali, Mali
Secretariat for Family, Laity, Women and Youth, National Conferences
for Catholic Bishops, USA
Secretariat for Women and Research/The Research Council of
Norway, Norway
Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA), India
Service for Unprivileged Section of Society (SUSS), Nepal
Servicio Paz y Justicia, Serpaj, Bolivia
SEWA-Nepal, Nepal
Shakti Shalini, India
Shaler Adams Foundation, USA
Shanghai Women's Studies Association, China
Shirkat Gah Women's Resource Centre, Pakistan
Sigma Delta Epsilon Graduate Women in Science, Inc., USA
Sindh Rural Women Up-lift Group, Pakistan
Singapore Council of Women's Organizations, Singapore
Sister Namibia Collective, Namibia
Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace, USA
Slovak Family Planning Assoc., Slovakia
Slovak Women's Social Democracy Community, Slovakia
SNV-Benin, Benin
Socialistk Folkeparti (Socialist People's Party), Denmark
Sociedad "Surcos" Cientifico-Cultural, Pedagogica, Spain
Societatea de Educatie Contraceptiva si Sexuala, Romania
Society for Canadian Women in Science and Technology-(SCWIST),
Canada
Society for InterBalkan Cooperation of Romanian Women (SICRW),
Romania
Society for Partners in Development, Nepal
Society for the Advancement of Women, Malawi
Society for Women and AIDS in Africa Branche Camerounaise
(SWAA-Cameroun), Cameroon
Society of Saint Vincent de Paul, Australia
Society of Women in the Oil Industry in Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan
Socio-Economic Awareness Research Program (SEARP), Bangladesh
Solomon Islands National Council of Women, Solomon Islands
Somali Women's Association for National Development, Kenya
Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei Women's Wing, Fiji
Soroptimist International, Bangladesh
Soroptimist International of Greece, Greece
Soroptimist International-Philippines Region, Philippines
Soroptimist International-U.K. Programme Action Committee, United
Kingdom
Sos-Sexisme, France
South African Association for Literacy and Adult Education, South
Africa
South Asian Association for Women Studies, Bangladesh
South South Solidarity, India
Southern African Association of Youth Clubs, South Africa
State Idara-Women Development/Rajasthan Adult Education
Association, India
Stichting Projekta/Foundation for Women and Development Services,
Suriname
Stichting Tehuis Voor Vrouwen in Crisissituaties, Suriname
Stichting Tiye International, The Netherlands
Stichting Women's World Banking
Stop Trafficking of Philipinos Foundation Inc. (S.T.O.P.), Philippines
Stree Mukti Sanghatana, India
Study Centre for Reconstruction and Development, Croatia
Sudan Family Planning Association (SFPA), Sudan
Sudanese Women General Union, Sudan
Suriya Women's Development Centre, Sri Lanka
SWATI-Society for Women's Action and Training Initiative, India
Swedish NGO Foundation for Human Rights, Sweden
Swedish Organization of Emergency Shelters for Battered Women,
Sweden
Swedish Women's Film Association (SKFF), Sweden
Swiss Coalition of Development Organizations, Switzerland
Syrian Family Planning Association, Syria
Taaluma Women Group, Tanzania
Talents Research Association of China, China
Taller Permanente de la Mujer, Argentina
Tam Cam Foundation, Inc., USA
Tamilnadu Women's Forum, India
Tanzania Association of Nongovernmental Organizations (TANGO),
Tanzania
Tanzania Business Women Association, Tanzania
Tanzania Family Planning Association, Tanzania
Tanzania Gender Networking Programme (TGNP), Tanzania
Tanzania Gender Networking Project, Tanzania
Tanzania Girl Guides Association, Tanzania
Tanzania Home Economics Association (TAHEA), Tanzania
Tanzania Media Women Association, Tanzania
Tanzania Women in Science and Technology, Tanzania
Temple University (Commonwealth), USA
Terre des Femmes Human Rights for Women, Germany
Terre Vivante, Mauritania
Thai Medical Women's Association, Thailand
Thai Women Farmers Association, Thailand
Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Italy
Thirty-first December Women's Movement, Ghana
Tongaat and Districts Child and Family Welfare Society and
Community Centre, South Africa
Torrevela, Spain
Tresnjevka Women's Group, Croatia
True Majority Inc., USA
Tunisian Mothers' Association, Tunisia
U.K. Asian Women's Conference, United Kingdom
Uganda Association of University Women, Uganda
Uganda Association of Women Lawyers (FIDA Uganda), Uganda
Uganda Catholic Women, Uganda
Uganda Cooperative Alliance Ltd., Uganda
Ugnayas Ng Kababaihan sa Politika (Philippines), Philippines
Ukrainian International Charity Federation of Business Women
"LYBID", Ukraine
UNESCO Standing Committee of NGOs, France
UNIAO Brasileira de Mulheres (UBM), Brazil
Union Catholique Internationale de la Presse (UCIP), Switzerland
Union de Escritores y Aristas de Cuba (UNEAC), Cuba
Union de l'Action Feminine (W.A.F.), Morocco
Union de Mujeres de la Argentina, Argentina
Union des Cooperatives des Commercantes de Vivriers de Bouake,
Cote d'Ivoire
Union des Femmes Bulgares, Bulgaria
Union des Femmes Methodistes du Benin, Benin
Union Feminine Civique et Sociale, France
Union for African Population Studies, Senegal
Union Internationale des Travailleurs et Travailleuses Unis de
l'Alimentation et du Commerce, Canada
Union Nationale de la Femme Tunisienne, Tunisia
Union of Australian Women, Australia
Union of Civil Servants/Statstjanstemannaforbundet St., Sweden
Union of Palestinian Medical Relief Committees, Israel
Union of Ukrainian Women, Ukraine
Union Pour la Promotion de la Femme Nigerienne, Niger
Union Suisse Pour Decriminaliser L'Avortement (USPDA), Switzerland
Unioni-The League of Finnish Feminists, Finland
Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, USA
United Kingdom Joint Committee on Women, United Kingdom
United Nations Association in Canada, Canada
United Nations Association in Spain, Spain
United Nations Association, Norway
United Nations Association of Australia, Australia
United Nations Association of Mauritius, Mauritius
United Nations Women's Guild, Switzerland
United States Catholic Conference (USCC), USA
United States Committee for UNICEF, USA
University Network (Helinski Espana), Spain
University Program of University Studies, Mexico
Unnayan Shahojogy Team (UST), Bangladesh
US-China People's Friendship Association (USCPFA), USA
Utthan (Gender and Development Centre), Nepal
Verobern International Health Consultants Services, Nigeria
Vietnam Women's Union, Vietnam
Vietnamese Women Overseas Association, USA
Village Women's Organization, Italy
Voice of Women-Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
Voluntarios Para la Salud y el Desarrollo (VSD), Spain
Vrouwenberaad Ontwikkelingssamenwerking (VBOS), The
Netherlands
Wales Assembly of Women, United Kingdom
Weavework Association (WOUW), The Netherlands
Wellstart International, USA
West Papua Indigenous Women Association, Papua New Guinea
West Papua Indigenous Women Association, Papua New Guinea
Western Consortium for Public Health (aka Pacific Institute for
Women's Health), USA
Western Samoa Family Health Association, Samoa
WETV-The Global Access Television Service, Canada
Widows & Orphans Welfare Society of Kenya, Kenya
Winning Women: Committee for Political Skills, Canada
Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development-
Women's Leadership Program, USA
Woman's National Democratic Club-Educational Foundation, USA
Womankind Worldwide, United Kingdom
Women Advancement Trust, Tanzania
Women Against Rape (WAR), United Kingdom
Women and Autonomy Centre (VENA), The Netherlands
Women and Development Programme, Sudan
Women and Environment (NUMMA), Mozambique
Women and Fisheries Network, Fiji
Women and Media Collective, Sri Lanka
Women and Media Network for Asia Pacific (WMNAP)/Gender and
Development Program/Malaysia
Women and Society Association, Egypt
Women Architects Society of Beijing (WASB), China
Women Committee at the Human Rights Association in Iraq, Iraq
Women Convention Watch, Indonesia
Women Cultural Social Society, Kuwait
Women Development for Science and Technology Association
(WODSTA), Tanzania
Women Empowering Women of Indian Nations, USA
Women Engineers, Technicians and Scientists in Uganda (WETSU),
Uganda
Women Filmmakers Association of Russia, Russian Federation
Women for a Just and Healthy Planet (Toronto), Canada
Women for a Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific, United Kingdom
Women for Change, Zambia
Women for International Peace and Arbitration, USA
Women for Meaningful Summits, USA
Women for Mutual Security, Greece
Women for Women, Bangladesh
Women Forum, Sudan
Women in Development Group, Laos
Women in Environment (WE), Nepal
Women in Films (Los Angeles), USA
Women in International Security (WIIS), USA
Women in Media and Entertainment (WIME), Ireland
Women in Nigeria (WIN), Nigeria
Women Inventors Project Inc., Canada
Women Involved in Nation Building, Philippines
Women Justice Program (WJP), Nigeria
Women, Law and Development Centre, Nigeria
Women of All Colors, USA
Women of Color Resource Center (WCRC), USA
Women of Georgia for Peace, Georgia
Women of Reform Judaism, the Federation of Temple Sisterhoods,
USA
Women of Vision, USA
Women Organized Resources for Liberia's Development, Inc.
(WORLD), USA
Women, Politics and Developing Nations, Int'l Pol. Sci. Ass'n Res.
Comm.-7, India
Women Refugees Project at Cambridge and Somerville Legal
Services/Harvard Immigration and Refugee Program, USA
Women Researchers and Documentation Project (WRDP)
Women Sport International, Australia
Women Union of Karelia, Russian Federation
Women Union of the P.R. of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia
Women Union-United Arab Emirates
Women with Disabilities, Australia
Women with Visible and Invisible Disabilities, United Kingdom
Women Worker's Association of Thailand, Thailand
Women Workers Union in Denmark, Denmark
Women's Action Research and Legal Acton for Women Trust, India
Women's Affairs Committee of the Hong Kong Federation of Trade
Unions, Hong Kong
Women's Affairs Committee of US-Shanghai Association for Economic
and Technological Exchange, USA
Women's Aid, Ireland
Women's Aid Organization, Malaysia
Women's American ORT (Organization for Rehabilitation through
Training), USA
Women's Association of Romania, Romania
Women's Canadian ORT, Canada
Women's Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling, Israel
Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children, USA
Women's Committee by the Confederation of Trade Unions of the
Slovak Republic, Slovakia
Women's Coordinating Committee for the Gulf and Arabian Penin,
United Arab Emirates
Women's Council of Dallas County, USA
Women's Council of the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC),
USA
Women's Development Council, Thailand
Women's Development Ltd., Zambia
Women's Economic Network, Canada
Women's Education, Research and Resource Center (WERRC), Ireland
Women's Educational and Research Center, Sri Lanka
Women's Electoral Lobby, Australia
Women's Environmental Network, United Kingdom
Women's Exchange Programme International/Centre for
International Women's Activities, The Netherlands
Women's Federation for World Peace International, USA
Women's Federation for World Peace, Philippines
Women's Forum Northern Ireland, Ireland
Women's Forum Scotland, United Kingdom
Women's Forum-Coordination for Women in Development,
Mozambique
Women's Freedom Network, USA
Women's Health Action Foundation, The Netherlands
Women's Health and Economic Development Association (WHEDA),
Nigeria
Women's Health and Family Services, United Kingdom
Women's Health Improvement Association, Egypt
Women's Health Organization of Nigeria, Nigeria
Women's Hromada of Ukraine (WHU), Ukraine
Women's Information Network (WIN), USA
Women's Infoteka, Croatia
Women's Initiative for Self Employment, USA
Women's Integrated Development Agency (WIDA), India
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, Australia
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (Australian
Section) Inc., Australia
Women's International Studies Europe (WISE), The Netherlands
Women's International White Scarf Movement, Georgia
Women's Leadership Project, USA
Women's League for Conservative Judaism, USA
Women's League of Lithuania, Lithuania
Women's League of the Coalition Party, Finland
Women's Legal Services Inc., Australia
Women's Organizations Committee on Alcohol and Drug Issues,
Sweden
Women's Research and Documentation Center (WORDOC), Nigeria
Women's Research Institute of the China Academy of Management
Science, China
Women's Resource and Research Center, Inc. (WRRC), Philippines
Women's Scientific and Cultural Society, Turkey
Women's Socio-Cultural Society (WSCS), Kuwait
Women's Solidarity Association of Iran, Iran
Women's Solidarity for Human Rights, Indonesia
Women's Solidarity for Justice, India
Women's Sports Foundation, USA
Women's Studies Association, Turkey
Women's Studies Center, Peking University, China
Women's Studies Center, USA
Women's Studies Centre, Israel
Women's Studies Centre of Beijing Foreign Studies University, China
Women's Studies Department-Makerere University, Uganda
Women's Studies Institute, China
Women's Studies Programme, York University, Canada
Women's Studies Society in Finland, Finland
Women's Studies Society of Japan, Japan
Women's Studies/University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Women's Training Network/Russian Federation
Women's Union of Republic of Belarus, Belarus
Women's Union of Russia (WUR), Russian Federation
Women's World Business, Ireland
Working Women National Committee of the Puerto Rican Labor
Central, Puerto Rico
World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action, Malaysia
World Association for Christian Communication-Pacific Region
(WACC-Pacific), Fiji
World Conference on Religion and Peace (Japanese Committee), Japan
World Organization for the Family, USA
World Union of Catholic Women's Organizations, Australia
World University Service of Canada, Canada
World University Service, Tanzania
World Women's Veterinary Association, Canada
Worldview Botswana-Duomakwati, Botswana
Wouw Weavework, The Netherlands
Yeewu Yewwi (Association for Women's Liberation), Senegal
Yemen Family Care Association, Yemen
YKR-Yrekskvinnors Riksforbund, Sweden
Yokohama Women's Association for Communication and Networking
(YWACN), Japan
Young Women Christian Association (Tanzania), Tanzania
Young Women's Christian Association (Kenya), Kenya
Young Women's Christian Association, Namibia
Young Women's Christian Association of Fiji, Fiji
Young Women's Christian Association of Ghana, Ghana
Young Women's Christian Association of Thailand (National YWCA of
Thailand), Thailand
Young Women's Christian Association, Uganda
YWCA of Australia, Australia
YWCA of China, China
YWCA of India, India
YWCA of Korea, Korea
YWCA of USA, USA
Zambia Association of Media Women, Zambia
Zonta Club Bratislava-Slovakia, Slovakia



------------------------------

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History of West Papua

http://www.wpngnc.org/history.htm

History of West Papua


History of West Papua


The Morning Star flag is the flag of West Papua and is the same as the flag of former Netherlands New Guinea. It has 13 horizontal blue and white stripes, at the hoist a vertical red stripe with a white star in the center. The Morning Star flag was designed by Nicolaas Jouwe, Chairman of the National Liberation Council of West Papua (and one of two Papuans who argued against West Papuan integration into Indonesian territory at the United Nations in New York back in the early 1960s ). The 13 stripes represent the tribes, the red strip the political struggle, the morning star the star of hope, and the red-white-blue stands for gratitude.

The Dutch government recognized these symbols on 18 November 1961 (Government Gazettes of Dutch New Guinea Nos. 68 and 69 - please see below). It was adopted on 20 November 1961, and on 1 December 1961 it was hoisted for the first time, next to the Dutch flag (a horizontal staff was attached to the top of the flagmast for this). When on 1 July 1971 the republic of West Papua was declared by the Free Papua Movement (Organisasi Papua Merdeka), the Morning Star was adopted again.


1st December 1961

Since there is a worldwide confusion about the meaning of December 1 as a National Day of the Papuan people, PaVo in the Netherlands herewith distributes the Ordinances of the Government of Netherlands New Guinea, concerning the recognition of the Papuan symbols.

On December 1, 1961, the New Guinea Council (Niew Guinea Raad / the first elected Papuan Parliament) together with the Dutch colonial administration, officially inaugurated the national Papuan symbols which emphasised their sovereignty as a people.


BULLETIN OF ORDINANCES AND DECREES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA

1961 No. 68

Territorial Flag of Netherlands New Guinea, “Territorial Flag Ordinance”

IN THE NAME OF THE QUEEN !
THE GOVERNOR OF NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA,

WHEREAS the New Guinea Council has on the strength of the right to make proposals of law, as granted to the Council in Section 111e of the Netherlands New Guinea Act, made a proposal to lay down an ordinance concerning a territorial flag of Netherlands New Guinea,

HAVING heard the Council of Heads of Departments and in agreement with the New Guinea Council,

HAS ORDAINED as follows:

Section 1.

1. The territorial flag of Netherlands New Guinea shall be a rectangle consisting of a vertical wide red stripe at the hoist and seven horizontal blue stripes separated by six white stripes.

In the centre of the vertical red stripe is a white five-pointed star, with one point vertically upwards. The five points of the star shall each form an angle of 36 degrees.

2. The height and length of the flag shall bear to each other the proportion of 2 to 3. The width of the red stripe shall be two fifth of the height of the flag. The diameter if the circumscribed circle of the star shall be seven eights of the width of the red stripe.

3. The governor shall decide the nature of the colours of the flag.

Section 2.

The display of the territorial flag beside the flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is provided in a regulation, cited as Flag Order, to be laid down in an administrative Order.

Section 3.

This ordinance, which may be cited as “Territorial Flag Ordinance”, shall come into operation on December 1, 1961.


Given in Hollandia, this eighteenth day of November, 1961
The Governor of Netherlands New Guinea: PLATTEEL
The Government Secretart: A. LOOSJES

Issued on November 20, 1961.

BULLETIN OF ORDINANCES AND DECREES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA

1961 No. 69

NATIONAL ANTHEM of Netherlands New Guinea

Ordinance providing for a national anthem for Netherlands New Guinea.

IN THE NAME OF THE QUEEN !
THE GOVERNOR OF NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA,

WHEREAS the New Guinea Council has on the strength of the right to submit proposals regarding the laying down of ordinances, as granted to the Council in Section 111e of the Netherlands New Guinea Act, submitted a proposal to lay down an ordinance providing for a national anthem for Netherlands New Guinea,

WITH the advice of the Council of Heads of Departments and in concert with the New Guinea Council,

HAS ORDAINED as follows:

Section 1.

The national Anthem of Netherlands New Guinea is the song made up of seven stanzas, the melody and text of which are shown in the Appendix to this ordinance.

Section 2.

When the National Anthem of Netherlands New Guinea is performed in public, every person is obliged to pay respect in a manner befitting with respect to a national anthem.

Section 3.

This ordinance shall come into operation on December 1, 1961.
Given in Hollandia, this eighteenth day of November, 1961
The Governor of Netherlands New Guinea: PLATTEEL
The Government Secretary: A. LOOSJES

Issued on November 20, 1961.
(Orders of the Governor of Netherlands New Guinea No. 364 of November 18, 1961).

BULLETIN OF ORDINANCES AND DECREES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA

1961 No. 70

TERRITORIAL FLAG of Netherlands New Guinea

Administrative Order for the implementation of Section 2 of the Territorial Flag Ordinance.

IN THE NAME OF THE QUEEN !
THE GOVERNOR OF NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA,

WHEREAS it is deemed necessary for the implementation of Section 2 of the Territorial Flag Ordinance (Bulletin of Ordinances & Decrees 1961 No. 68) to lay down the following regulations,

WITH the advice of the Council of heads of Departments,

HAS ORDAINED as follows:

Section 1.

Flying the territorial flag of Netherlands New Guinea at the same time as the flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall take place in conformity with the provisions of this ordinance at the places and times to be specified by the Governor.

Section 2.

1. The territorial flag of Netherlands New Guinea, when it is displayed near, from or on a building, with the flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, shall be placed on the left, seen from that building.

2. The territorial flag of Netherlands New Guinea, when it is displayed with the flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in a hall at an outdoor meeting where speeches are delivered, shall be placed at the speaker’s left and the flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the speaker’s right.

Section 3.

When the territorial flag of Netherlands New Guinea is displayed with the flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, this shall not in any way affect the regulations concerning the use of the orange pennant with the latter flag.

Section 4.

When the territorial flag of Netherlands New Guinea and the flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands are displayed simultaneously, the latter flag shall be hoisted or unfurled first and be lowered or removed last.

Section 5.

This Order, which may be cited as Flag Order, shall come into operation on December 1, 1961.


Given in Hollandia, this eighteenth day of November 1961
The Governor of Netherlands New Guinea: PLATTEEL.
The Government Secretary: A. LOOSJES

Issued on November 20, 1961.

Historical Dates - In Chronological Order

1511-12 Antonio d' Abreu and Francisco Serrano, Portuguese sailors, sight New Guinea but do not go ashore.

1526-27 The Portuguese Governor of Ternate, Jorge de Menezes, lands on Waigeo Island, takes shelter at Warsai on the Vogelkop for some months and names the region, "Ilhas dos Papuas".

1528 Hernan Cortez, Spanish conquistador in Mexico, sent Alvaro de Saavreda Ceron to relieve a Spanish outpost under siege from the Portuguese in Tidore. Lives for one month on the Schouten Islands (probably Biak) which he calls, "Isla de Oro".

1537 In Mexico, Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortez directs Hernan Grijalva to search for the 'Island of Gold' - mutiny and ship abandoned at Cenderawasih Bay. Seven survivors captured and enslaved by natives. Eventually ransomed by the Portuguese governor of Ternate years later.

1545 Ynigo Ortiz de Retes, Mexican-based Spanish captain, sailed along the north coast and plants the Spanish flag at a spot east of the mouth of the Mamberamo River on 20th June, taking possession of the island in the name of the King of Spain and names it "Nueva Guinea".

1569 New Guinea appeared on the Mercator world map.

1606 Luis Vaez de Torres, a Portuguese sailor in the service of Spain, explores the entire south and west coast and sails through the Torres Strait which he discovered and from whom Torres Strait is named. Willem Jansz, a Dutchman, sails along the west and south coast.

1616 Jacob Le Maire and Willem Schouten chart the north coast, including the islands in Cenderawasih Bay.

1623 Jan Carstensz sails along the south west coast and sees a "very high mountain range [that is] in many places white with snow". Report greeted with disbelief and ridicule in Europe, as no one believed there could be snow so near the Equator (4° South). The doubters did not check with the Spaniards about the Andes, and it was 200 years later before the snows on Kilimanjaro were sighted.

1660 Treaty between the Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.) and the Sultan of Tidore whereby the V.O.C. recognizes the Sultan's sovereignty over the "Papuan islands in general" but with an "internal alliance" which stipulated that all Europeans were forbidden in the area except the Dutch.

1678 First Dutch flag hoisted on west coast by Keyts.

1700 William Dampier sails along the North and West Coast. His voyage sparks the VOC again to activity.

1705 Jacob Weyland discovers and explores the Geelvink Bay.

1714 Treaty of Utrecht - Tidore empire rescinds New Guinea to the VOC (Dutch East India Company) and the British.

1750 Power of the VOC declines; Other nations appear in these regions.

1768 Louis de Bougainville sails along the north coast and names the Cyclops mountain range near Port Numbay / Jayapura.

1770 Captain James Cook travels along the south west coast during his round the world voyage. Lands at Cook Bay but hostile Asmat warriors force a hasty retreat. Cook lost 20 of his men to the Asmat. The Asmat practiced cannibalism.

1775 Thomas Forrest of the British East India Company lands at Doreri Bay near Manokwari, on Cenderawasih Bay, to search for an alternative supply of spices outside the Dutch sphere of control.

1780 Prince Nuku, Pretender to the Throne of Tidore, flees to the Papuan islands and commences guerilla warfare against the Dutch.

1791 John McCluer, a Briton, stopped on the southwest coast of West Papua. He mapped the gulf which almost cuts the Bird's Head from the body. It was named McCluer Bay and this name was changed to the present day Berau Bay after West Papua's integration into Indonesia. On the map this bay lies north of Fak Fak.

1793 The British Captain John Hayes established Fort Coronation at Doreri Bay, Vogelkop, the first European settlement. He named the settlement New Albion.

1795 April - Fort Coronation abandoned due to native hostility, lack of supplies, and disease. All men not taken as slaves by the natives were very ill. Disappointing quality of spices led the British East India Company to decline to recognise the settlement. Survivors spent 6 months as guests of Prince Nuku on Seram Island (Ceram), after which they were repatriated to Calcutta.

1826 Pieter Mercus, Dutch Governor of the Molluccas, sent an official expedition to claim the south coast of New Guinea up to the 141° parallel, on hearing false rumours of the existence of a British trading post somewhere in south west New Guinea. Expedition led by Lieutenant Kolff.

1829 Dutch Explorer de Rochemont lands briefly at Flamingo Bay.

1828 24th August - Dutch formally proclaim the south west coast as a Netherlands possession. Dutch government post and colony named Merkussoord established on Triton Bay. Fort du Bus was built of stone and named after the Belgian Viscount du Bus de Ghisignies, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.

1838 Malaria finally forced the abandonment of Merkussoord colony and Fort du Bus.

1848 Netherlands Indies government lays claim to West New Guinea as far as the 141° parallel in the name of the Sultan of Tidore.

1855 5th February - The first German missionaries, C. W. Ottow and J. G. Geissler settle on Mansinam Island, Doreri Bay.

1862 Three Dutch missionaries of the Utrecht Mission Society arrive at Doreri Bay.

1875 Eastern boundary to 141° parallel determined.

1884 British flag raised at Port Moresby - South East New Guinea declared a British Protectorate. Germans claim North East New Guinea - Kaiser Wilhelmsafen.

1895 16th May - Treaty of The Hague signed whereby boundary with British New Guinea is determined which to today remains unchanged.

1898 Dutch government administrative posts established at Fak-Fak and Manokwari.

1902 Dutch government post opened at Merauke.

1905 Two Dutch Roman Catholic missionaries settle at Merauke. Dutch steamer Valk chugged 560 km (350 miles) up the Digul River from the south coast. Snow-crested peak sighted and dubbed Wilhelmina Top in honour of the Dutch Queen.

1907-15 Military explorative expeditions map all of West New Guinea except the interior mountain ranges.

1910 7th March - Dutch flag hoisted at Hollandia (now Port Numbay / Jayapura). Border with German New Guinea (north east New Guinea) settled this year also.

1913 Franssen Herderschee climbs the Wilhelmina Top (15,585 ft) from the south on 21st February.

1920 Van Overeem Expedition visits the Swart Valley.

1921 Kremer expedition reaches the Wilhelmina Top from the North after crossing the headwaters of the Baliem river.

1926 Dutch - American Stirling expedition to the upper Rouffaer regions, the first expedition to use air transport.

1928 Demarcation line between Protestant and Roman Catholic missions abolished. Franciscan mission founded at Fak Fak.

1929 The Moluccan Protestants (M.P.K.) commence work in south New Guinea.

1930 First expatriate settlers arrive at Manokwari and Hollandia (Port Numbay / Jayapura).

1935 Bijlmer expedition to the Charles Louis Mountains.

1936-7 Colijn, Dozy and Wissel climb some of the Carstensz Peaks. Ngga Pulu Top (16,530 ft) reached 5th December. Wissel discovers the lakes which bears his name, 31st December. Aerial mapping begun by the Netherlands New Guinea Petroleum Company.

1938 23rd June - American explorer Richard Archbold, travelling under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History, discovers Baliem Valley (60km by 15km or 37 miles by 9 miles) from the seaplane Guba on his third expedition. First Dutch Government post opened in the Highlands at Enarotali, Wissel Lakes.

1939 Le Roux expedition to the Wissel Lakes region . C.A.M.A and Roman Catholic missionaries begin work at Wissel Lakes.

1942 Japanese seize all but the southeastern part of New Guinea. They arrive in Fak Fak on 1st April (April Fool's Day) and at Manokwari on 12th April.

1944 Hollandia (Port Numbay / Jayapura) recaptured from the Japanese 22nd April. General Douglas MacArthur devised his 'island-hopping' strategy whilst looking at the various islands dotted around Lake Sentani from his base at Ifar Gunung (Mount Ifar) at the foot of Mount Cyclops. Thus the Philippines were liberated and the Japanese eventually defeated in the Pacific War of WWII.

1949 All Dutch East Indies except Netherlands New Guinea (West Papua) handed over to the newly independent Republic of Indonesia. The Constitution of the Government of Netherlands New Guinea is established.

1951-1958 Various missions begin work around Hollandia, the Vogelkop area, the Baliem Valley and related locales. 20th April 1954 - Lloyd van Stone of CMA (Christian & Missionary Alliance) began preaching amongst the Dani tribes.

1959 Dutch expedition to the Star Mountains. Juliana Peak reached.

1961 October - Ist Papuan Congress held. 1st December - Nieuw Guinea Raad (West Papuan Parliament) set up. Nieuw Guinea Raad (West Papuan Parliament) set up. West Papuan State Symbols approved by the Dutch Governor of Netherlands Niew Guinea (West Papua) in the name of the Queen of the Netherlands. 20th December - Indonesia invades West Papua overnight. Paratroopers dropped all over West Papua. Papuan flag replaced with Indonesian flag.

1961 Harvard Peabody Expedition to Baliem Valley. 18th November

1962 U.N.T.E.A. (United Nations Temporary Executive Authority) replaces the Dutch Administration in West New Guinea October 1962 - transfer of sovereignty over West Papua from the Netherlands to Indonesia lasting to May 1963. Harrer expedition climbs Carstenz Pyramid on 13th February (17,000 feet). The Dutch defeat Indonesian naval attack which resulted in the loss of Admiral Yos Sudarso of the Indonesian Navy.

1963 1st May - Indonesia assumes full administrative control of West Papua (named West Irian) from the interim administrative control of the UNTEA (United Nations Temporary Executive Authority).

1968 Two Protestant missionaries, Australian Stan Dale and American Phil Masters, killed and eaten by cannibals while hiking from Koruppun to Nimia.

1969 A plebiscite, generally seen as rigged, formalised Indonesian rule of West Papua (rigged in that only 1,025 tribal leaders hand-picked by Indonesia voted under duress for integration with Indonesia lest they lose their lives otherwise - resulting in all 1,025 or 100% of them returning a vote in favour of Indonesian control of West Papua). Most of the 1,025 Papuans have since rescinded their vote.

1970 A seven (7) metre (23ft) estuarine crocodile which had taken 55 human victims killed near the Asmat village of Piramat.

1973 3rd March - West Papua renamed Irian Jaya (from West Irian).

1977 - Papuans refuse to vote in 2nd Indonesian general election. Indonesia uses this as an excuse for aerial bombardment of whole regions throughout West Papua. Many Papuans killed / lost relatives. Between 1977 and 1978 11,000 Papuans fled across the border into neighbouring Papua New Guinea.

1996 January - hostage crisis in Mapnduma - to internationalise the case of West Papua, the OPM led by the notorious Kelly Kwalik kidnapped 26 people including 7 European scientists (of which 4 were Cambridge University undergraduates) on a scientific expedition. Held for several months but eventually released.

1998 15th April - 16 people including a New Zealand national shot dead by a mentally disturbed member of the Indonesian Army's Kopassus Special Forces.

1999 26th February - Team of 100 Delegation of West Papuans presented statement to B.J. Habibie, the then President of Indonesia, and his Cabinet to discuss the matter of West Papua. 1st December - Theys Eluay raised West Papuan flag, Ist West Papuan independence celebration after 38 years.

2000 Millenium Day, 1st Jan. - Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid (popularly known as Gus Dur) gave his agreement that Irian Jaya be renamed Papua (or West Papua, to differentiate from independent Papua New Guinea, its immediate neighbour to the east). 29th May - 4th June - II Papuan Peoples Congress held in Port Numbay / Jayapura, the provincial administrative capital. 3000 participants representing all indigenous segments and tribes within West Papua voted to correct the history of West Papua, vehemently reject the 1969 Act of Free Choice, sever West Papua from Indonesia, and to pursue international recognition of the independence of West Papua as a sovereign nation since 1st December 1961. 6th October - At least 30 people, mostly settlers, die in a bloody riot in Wamena when Indonesian police cut down the Morning Star flag from its post, and ripped it to shreds in front of the Papuans before burning it. Not surprisingly, the Papuans went on a rampage. Mass exodus of transmigrants and non-Papuans from Wamena regency to Jayapura the provincial capital.


World War II Conflict Maps

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Allied Advance

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WEST PAPUAN POLITICAL HISTORY


The first colonizers


Humans first settled New Guinea at least 50,000 years ago, when it was connected to Australia by a land bridge. The British were the first Europeans to attempt colonization, but their 1793 colony was evacuated within two years. The Dutch were next, proclaiming on 24 August 1828 that the natives of the western half of New Guinea were to be subjects of the King of the Netherlands from that time on. But the Dutch made little effort to colonize ‘Dutch New Guinea’. They opened Fort du Bus to protect their lucrative trade with the spice islands from other European powers, but abandoned the area after only 10 years. No continuous settlement was established in West Papua until 1897, and no substantial development was undertaken within the country until the 1950s

. Indonesia’s competing bid


On 27 November 1949 the Dutch ceded sovereignty of Dutch East Indies to the Indonesian Republic, but excluded Dutch New Guinea (West Papua). Throughout the 1950s, they argued that Papua was geographically and ethnically different from Indonesia and the Papuans should – over time – be given self-determination. By contrast, the Indonesians argued that Dutch New Guinea had already been transferred to them in 1949, and had achieved independence then. Anti-Dutch campaigns in Indonesia, brewing throughout the 1950s, climaxed in 1957. Most Dutch people had been driven out and Dutch companies taken over by 1958. Indonesia broke off diplomatic relations in August 1960.


First steps to freedom


Undeterred the Dutch accelerated preparations for the Papuans to exercise their rights of self-determination. Elections were held for the West New Guinea Council, half of whose members were from the indigenous population. Following the installation of the Council on 1 December 1961, the territory was renamed Papua and the Morning Star flag was adopted and raised to fly next to the Dutch flag. Since then, the Morning Star flag has been a potent symbol of West Papuan resistance and nationalism, while 1 December is celebrated every year by the West Papuans as their independence day. At the UN, however, the Dutch were not able to achieve the two-thirds majority they needed to endorse their plans. Neither were the Indonesians. In 1962, 1,500 Indonesians ‘invaded’, either by parachute into the jungle or by submarine on to West Papuan beaches.

Theft – while the UN watches


Before this small-scale invasion, Indonesia had requested $400 million of arms from Russia (worth $10 billion today). Locked into Cold War rivalry, the US could not leave Indonesia to align itself to Russia. So, newly elected President JF Kennedy offered his support to Indonesia’s President Sukarno to end the dispute over Papua. Under the auspices of the UN, the US urged Indonesia and the Netherlands to the negotiating table. Here retired US diplomat Ellsworth Bunker drew up a plan to transfer the administrative authority for West Papua from the Netherlands to a neutral administrator, and thence to Indonesia. Not a single West Papuan was involved in these negotiations.


The ‘New York Agreement’


The ‘New York Agreement’ was signed by the Indonesians and the Dutch at UN headquarters on 15 August 1962. It fell well short of guaranteeing a referendum on independence, instead requiring Indonesia to make vague arrangements for West Papuans to ‘exercise freedom of choice’. It did however confer on all Papuans the right to participate in any act of self-determination. On 1 October 1962 – for the first time in its history – the UN was given temporary executive authority over a territory of significant size: West Papua. The handful of civil servants making up the UN Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) acted as apologists for the Indonesians, banning West Papuans from celebrating their second independence day and handing over administrative control to Indonesia after the seven-month minimum.

Sham voting


Another UN team returned in 1968 to ‘assist, advise and participate’ in the exercise of free choice – called the Act of Free Choice – planned for the following year. The team, headed by Bolivian diplomat Fernando Ortiz Sanz, comprised just 16 staff including administrative personnel. (The UN mission to organize and monitor the 1999 referendum in East Timor, by way of comparison, totalled more than 1,000 staff.) Foreign journalists consistently reported that the overwhelming majority of West Papuans did not want to be ruled by Jakarta. The Indonesians maintained that the terrain and the relatively uneducated population made ‘one man one vote’ impractical. They conducted a poll of only a select group of ‘elected’ representatives. Out of a total of 1,026 representatives, the UN managed to witness the election of only 195. One Australian journalist reported that Indonesians would go into a silent crowd and select the representatives themselves. Those local leaders who were included in the 1,026 reported being intimidated by gun-toting militia.


The Act of No Choice


Between 14 July and 2 August 1969, 1,025 representatives (one was sick) gathered in eight consultative council meetings around the country and were asked in open meetings (not secret ballots) to give their verdict. UN Secretary-General U Thant reported to the General Assembly that: ‘Without dissent, all the enlarged councils pronounced themselves in favour of the territory remaining with Indonesia.’ To explain this unanimous result, two annexes were attached to his report. They presented misleading – sometimes wrong – accounts of events before the vote was taken. The UN ratified the Act of Free Choice on 19 November 1969. The Ghanaian delegation to the UN called the process ‘a travesty of democracy and justice’. Together with several other African countries, Ghana called for a proper vote on West Papuan self-determination to be held in 1975, on the grounds that the New York Agreement had not been properly fulfilled. This proposal was defeated in the UN General Assembly by 60 votes to 15, with 39 abstentions.

Forty years of oppression


Even though there has never been a war, almost all West Papuans can name at least one relative who has been beaten, raped, tortured or killed by the Indonesian armed forces since the Act of Free Choice. Officially, more than 100,000 have died. Unofficially, the estimate is 800,000. In February 1999, 100 West Papuan leaders met with President Habibe in Jakarta and said that they had had enough: Indonesia must leave. The team flew back to a hero’s welcome by the thousands waiting to greet them at the airport. Until 1 December 1999, the Indonesians treated the raising of the Morning Star as an act of treason. Jails all over the country held Papuans imprisoned (some for up to 25 years) for raising their flag. The security forces surprised everyone by announcing that the raising of the flag would be permitted on 1 December 1999. In an emotional and peaceful ceremony, the capital city of Jayapura became ‘Papuan owned’ for a day. People throughout the country excitedly began preparations for the grant of independence that they thought would necessarily follow.


The road to freedom reopens


In February 2000, 400 delegates – including representatives of the armed wing of the OPM – met in Sentani and openly discussed a strategy to take West Papua towards independence. This meeting rejected the 1969 Act of Free Choice as fraudulent and illegal. It was followed by a Papua People’s Congress from 29 May to 4 June 2000, when 3,000 delegates came together. The Papua Council and its Presidium (Executive) emerged from these two meetings. Throughout these developments, President Abdurrahman Wahid and his successor, Megawati Sukarnoputri, consistently opposed independence but supported greater ‘autonomy’ for the ‘province’. Legislation implemented in January this year hands back much of the tax and royalties previously sent to Jakarta and spent elsewhere. Nevertheless, the Papuans oppose autonomy because it fails to deliver self-determination and allows continued military and police intervention.